Firouz Naderi, an Iranian American scientist who directed the Mars program at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, together with two profitable landings on the planet, died on June 9 in Los Angeles. He was 77.

His household stated that Dr. Naderi died in a medical facility from problems of a fall final month that broken his spinal twine and left him paralyzed. “Life is unpredictable,” Dr. Naderi stated in a statement on Facebook after the accident.

Laurie Leshin, the director of the laboratory, stated in an e-mail that Dr. Naderi was “a visionary whose work impacted many of the space missions developed at JPL over the past three decades.” She additionally stated that he was a “brilliant mentor to those leading our space exploration missions today.”

For many Iranians and Iranian Americans, Dr. Naderi’s profession demonstrated how far an immigrant may attain in America — in his case, actually for the celebs. In an period when news of Iran was usually adverse, he was seen as a supply of nationwide delight. Many younger Iranian scientists stated he impressed their skilled journeys.

Dr. Naderi was additionally an outspoken advocate for human rights and democracy in Iran. During the rebellion towards the federal government over the previous 12 months, he helped buy and switch about 100 Starlink satellite tv for pc receivers to Iranian activists so they may go online to the web with out authorities restrictions.

He served on the boards of various nonprofit organizations targeted on Iran-related points together with selling civic engagement of Iranians and Iranian tradition within the United States, and childhood schooling and the remedy for pediatric most cancers in Iran.

He mentored dozens of Iranian scientists and college college students, within the United States and in Iran, whom he known as the kids he by no means had. He usually stated in interviews that he thought-about influencing younger minds to be his greatest accomplishment.

In 2017, when the Oscar-winning Iranian director Asghar Farhadi requested Dr. Naderi and one other scientist to just accept his second Oscar, for “The Salesman” (he was boycotting the ceremony in protest of President Donald J. Trump’s journey ban), Dr. Naderi speculated that the request needed to do along with his affiliation with house journey.

“Once you go away from the Earth into space, and you look back at the Earth, you see it as a single blue marble,” he stated. “You see no borders, no lines, separating people.”

Dr. Naderi was appointed to handle NASA’s Mars program in 2000. He is credited with retooling it after a few earlier failures.

He directed no less than 5 missions to Mars. He supervised the Mars Odyssey, a spacecraft launched in 2001 that’s nonetheless orbiting the planet, accumulating knowledge to search out out what Mars is fabricated from and to detect water and ice. In 2004, he oversaw the landings of the robots Spirit and Opportunity, which explored the planet’s floor.

In 2006, he oversaw the launch of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which can be searching for proof of water. And he ran the Mars Sample Return program, which is scheduled to launch in two phases in 2027 and 2028 with the objective of returning samples collected by an earlier rover to Earth.

He was additionally the supervisor of the Origins program, which research how life may exist on different worlds. And he laid the groundwork for NASA’s plan to launch an orbiter to circle Europa, one in all Jupiter’s moons, to seek for extraterrestrial life.

“Firouz Naderi was a giant,” the NASA administrator and former senator Bill Nelson stated on Twitter. “He helped to redefine humanity’s knowledge about Mars and reinvigorate our sense of curiosity.”

Firouz Michael Naderi was born on March 25, 1946, in Shiraz, Iran, the youngest of three sons of Karim Naderi, a rich landowner, and Homa Ilchi, his third spouse, who got here from a distinguished political household.

They divorced when Firouz was 4 years previous. His father gained full custody and banned visits between the boys and their mom. Firouz was positioned underneath the care of his father’s first spouse, Ehteram Saltaneh Naderi, who raised him till he was 12.

Firouz was despatched to a Roman Catholic boarding college in Tehran, the place he was a star pupil and a math whiz. But a profession in house exploration, he stated in later interviews, was by no means on his radar.

He left Iran in 1964 to attend Iowa State University, the place he acquired a bachelor’s diploma in electrical engineering. After incomes a doctorate in digital picture processing on the University of Southern California, he returned to Iran in 1976.

He labored for the Iranian authorities as director of the Iranian Remote Sensing Agency, which used satellite tv for pc knowledge from the American Landsat program to observe Iran’s pure sources, till the Islamic revolution toppled the monarchy in 1979.

The nation’s new leaders had been suspicious of anybody with ties to the West, and Dr. Naderi fled to Los Angeles. He was employed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory as a telecommunications engineer and, as soon as there, developed an curiosity in house science.

He rose rapidly from varied technical jobs to government positions, associated first to satellite tv for pc applications after which to house exploration.

In his early 40s, he married Parvin Kassaie, a fellow Iranian American who labored because the laboratory’s academic affairs workplace supervisor. The marriage lasted only some years, however they remained shut associates till Dr. Naderi’s loss of life.

Dr. Naderi is survived by his sisters, Pari Naderi, Mahin Naderi and Niloufar Arabsheibani, and his brothers, Kazem, Ahoura and Sia Naderi. Another brother, John, died final 12 months.

After leaving the Mars program, Dr. Naderi grew to become an affiliate director on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, overseeing new undertaking methods. He was later the laboratory’s director of photo voltaic system exploration, overseeing missions to Saturn, Jupiter and Europa.

Dr. Naderi longed to return to Iran, however he by no means did. During his time at NASA, he was suggested to not journey there for safety causes, and after he retired he grew to become an outspoken critic of Iran’s authorities.

Kazem Naderi, an architect in New York, stated that his brother saved a jasmine plant on his balcony going through the Pacific Ocean as a result of the scent reminded him of the gardens of Shiraz.

His countrymen handled him like a folks hero. When he visited London, Iranian college college students chased his automobile, knocking on the home windows, Ms. Arabsheibani stated in a phone interview. Dr. Naderi stopped the automobile and bought out to speak to the scholars.

“They asked for autographs and pictures,” Ms. Arabsheibani stated, “and he was so pleased and humble, talking to everyone.”

Dr. Naderi acquired NASA’s highest award, the Distinguished Service Medal, and an Ellis Island Medal of Honor for distinguished contributions to American society.

Upon his retirement in 2016, the International Astronomical Union named an asteroid after him at NASA’s request. The asteroid, 5515 Naderi, is a rock about six miles in diameter orbiting the solar between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, removed from the borders separating individuals on Earth.