The House on Thursday overwhelmingly handed bipartisan laws to reauthorize the Federal Aviation Administration for the subsequent half-decade, shifting at a time of rising dysfunction and disruption within the system to make quite a few modifications that have an effect on passengers.

The invoice would deal with airways’ refunds and reimbursement obligations to passengers, improve protections for passengers with disabilities, increase hiring of air visitors controllers, shore up aviation security, unlock funding to modernize airport infrastructure, put money into upgrades to the company’s know-how and extra. The House handed it on a vote of 351 to 69, sending it to the Senate.

“Today, the House voted to bolster America’s global aviation leadership,” Representative Rick Larsen of Washington, the senior Democrat on the Transportation Committee, mentioned in a press release. “This good faith process yielded a bipartisan bill that will create a safer, cleaner, greener and more accessible U.S. aviation system. It will maintain our gold standard in safety and innovation, make a more sustainable and resilient aviation sector a reality and improve accessibility and consumer protections for all passengers.”

Various sticking factors had threatened to carry up a closing settlement, together with disputes over proposed modifications to a pilot coaching rule and a rise to their necessary retirement age. Republicans and the airline trade largely oppose new rules proposed by Democrats and aimed toward strengthening shopper protections. And Washington-area representatives have mentioned they’d block the measure if it allowed for extra long-distance flights out and in of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, simply exterior the capital.

But the House allotted with some obstacles on Wednesday evening earlier than passing the invoice on Thursday. It rejected, 229 to 205, a bipartisan proposal so as to add seven round-trip flights to Reagan National.

The House additionally authorized a bipartisan modification that will keep the present requirements for pilot coaching, blocking a proposal supported by Representative Sam Graves, the Missouri Republican who leads the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, that confronted opposition within the Senate.

The battles had threatened to muck up Congress’s alternative to attempt to enhance air journey for customers amid 1000’s of flight delays or cancellations, an uptick in close to collisions on runways, a strained air visitors controller work power and a surge in journey popping out of the coronavirus pandemic. Disruptions are solely anticipated to worsen as local weather change results in extra excessive climate that grounds flights.

The Senate Commerce Committee plans to contemplate its model of the invoice this month, and the 2 sides then should reconcile their competing proposals by the tip of September, when the present authorization expires. The Democratic-led Senate’s invoice consists of quite a few shopper protections that airways have denounced as overly burdensome and mentioned would make air journey dearer and fewer accessible.

Those measures are additionally prone to face resistance from the Republican-led House, the place G.O.P. lawmakers have argued that deregulation of airways has strengthened competitors amongst carriers and improved the shopper expertise, and that new rules would stifle competitors.

“This legislation addresses many of the concerns we hear from the flying public every day,” Representative Garret Graves, Republican of Louisiana and chairman of the Transportation Committee’s aviation subcommittee, mentioned on the House flooring on Wednesday.

But he expressed concern in an interview that the Senate’s proposed shopper protections could be too wide-ranging and imprecise. “We’ve got to make sure that the solutions are being put in the right places, meaning you can’t blame the airlines for air traffic control, you can’t blame T.S.A. for airlines,” he mentioned, referring to the Transportation Security Administration.

Democrats have accused the airline trade of working to kill wanted rules.

“To be very blunt, the major obstacle to improving service is the industry’s lobbying,” mentioned Senator Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut, who together with Senator Edward J. Markey of Massachusetts led a bunch of Democratic senators in introducing a “passengers’ bill of rights” bill this yr.

Among different measures, their legislation would bar airways from charging “unreasonable or disproportionate” charges for companies like checked luggage and seat choice, and mandate that airways compensate passengers denied boarding due to an oversold flight and refund baggage charges within the case of misplaced baggage.

The trade, Mr. Blumenthal mentioned, “has dollars and lawyers and lobbyists that enable it to block effective reform, including a bill of rights for passengers.”

Marli Collier, a spokeswoman for Airlines for America, which represents main airways, mentioned in a press release that “it is in the interest of all U.S. airlines to provide a positive flight experience for all passengers.” She mentioned the group’s members “abide by” and “frequently exceed” the Transportation Department’s rules defending customers.

The F.A.A. invoice has additionally develop into a magnet for dozens of narrower disputes, together with regional fights which have defied the same old political alliances in Congress. One is a battle over the decades-old federal rule dictating the variety of long-distance round-trip flights out of Reagan National Airport, which sits simply throughout the Potomac River from the Capitol and is the airport of alternative for a lot of members of Congress.

Dozens of lawmakers, including some who could benefit from a extra handy commute to Washington if the so-called slot perimeter rule is modified, have pushed to extend the variety of lengthy flights out of the airport, arguing that the change would improve competitors and decrease costs. Washington-area lawmakers whose constituents could be most affected by the change counter that the airport is already over capability.

The rule has “limited access and increased costs” for folks seeking to go to Washington, Representative Burgess Owens, the Utah Republican who supplied the availability so as to add flights, mentioned on Wednesday.

But Senator Tim Kaine, Democrat of Virginia, had warned that any change to the rule could be “guaranteed to delay” the invoice.

Congress can be at odds over raising the mandatory pilot retirement age from 65 to 67, a change sought by Representative Troy Nehls, Republican of Texas, whose brother is an airline pilot about to show 65, and championed by Speaker Kevin McCarthy. The workplaces of Mr. Nehls and Mr. McCarthy didn’t reply to requests for remark.

Proponents argue that the rise would assist stem a tide of retirements draining an already-stretched pilot work power. Opponents in each events, which include unions and the Biden administration, argue the change wouldn’t bolster the work power, however would have an effect on security, trigger authorized woes and pose logistical challenges as a result of pilots older than 65 are barred from flying internationally.

The Senate invoice has additionally been hamstrung for weeks over modifications sought by Senators John Thune, Republican of South Dakota, and Kyrsten Sinema, an Arizona unbiased, to a rule dictating the quantity and sort of flight time pilots should accrue to fly commercially.

The House’s vote on Wednesday to keep up the present requirements eliminated a provision from the invoice that will have allowed sure pilots to rely extra hours of simulated flight towards the necessities.

“Our job as elected leaders is to protect public safety and to help ensure that no other family suffers the heartbreak of losing a loved one to an avoidable air tragedy,” Representative Nick Langworthy, the New York Republican who supplied the modification, mentioned on the House flooring on Wednesday. The pilot coaching rule was instituted after a airplane crashed close to Buffalo in 2009, killing everybody aboard.

Sam Graves, the Transportation Committee chairman, who’s himself a commercially licensed pilot, had argued that simulators provide potential pilots extra alternatives to coach in situations they may not simply replicate in actual life.

Senator Tammy Duckworth, an Illinois Democrat and the chairwoman of the aviation subcommittee, has insisted on maintaining the coaching requirements and introduced a bill on Tuesday to strengthen and defend the rule.

“This is my red line — we cannot decrease flying hours at the risk of public safety,” Ms. Duckworth, a former Army helicopter pilot, instructed reporters. “I am not going to be complicit in efforts to lower the real-world flight hours requirements that protect the flying public, in the middle of an aviation safety crisis. And I will not budge on that.”