Labor regulators issued a ruling on Tuesday that makes it extra doubtless for staff to be thought of workers fairly than contractors below federal regulation.

Overturning a ruling issued when the board was below Republican management, the decision successfully will increase the variety of staff — like drivers, building staff or janitors — who’ve a federally protected proper to unionize or take different collective motion, similar to protesting unsafe working circumstances.

The ruling ensures that “workers who seek to organize or exercise their rights under the National Labor Relations Act are not improperly excluded from its protections,” stated a press release by Lauren McFerran, the Democratic chairman of the labor board, which voted 3 to 1 alongside occasion strains to broaden the usual.

Determining whether or not a employee is an worker or a contractor has lengthy trusted a number of variables, together with the potential employer’s management over the work and provision of instruments and tools.

In 2019, when the board was managed by appointees of President Donald J. Trump, it elevated one consideration — staff’ probabilities to make more cash primarily based on their enterprise savvy, typically described as “entrepreneurial opportunity” — above the others. It concluded that such alternatives needs to be a key tiebreaker when some components pointed to contractor standing and others indicated employment.

In its choice in 2019, the board stated {that a} ruling through the Obama administration had improperly subordinated the query of moneymaking alternatives.

That 2019 ruling seemed to be a victory for gig firms like Uber and Lyft, whose supporters have argued that ride-share drivers needs to be thought of contractors partly due to the alternatives they’ve for potential revenue — say, by figuring out which neighborhoods to work in.

The newest choice returned the board to the usual specified by the Obama period, explicitly rejecting the elevation of entrepreneurial alternative above different components.

The turnabout was criticized on Tuesday by companies that rely closely on contractors. In a statement, Evan Armstrong, chair of the Coalition for Workforce Innovation, which represents firms like Uber and Lyft in addition to business commerce teams, stated that the ruling “decreases clarity and threatens the flexible independent model that benefits workers, consumers, entrepreneurs, businesses and the overall economy.”

Some labor specialists, nevertheless, say it isn’t clear that gig firms like Uber and Lyft, which set the costs that passengers pay, present drivers with sufficient bona fide entrepreneurial alternative to qualify them as contractors even below the previous customary.

In his dissent, Marvin E. Kaplan, the board’s lone Republican member, made a model of this argument, concluding that the employees within the case earlier than the board — wig, hair and make-up stylists who work with the Atlanta Opera — “have little opportunity for economic gain or, conversely, risk of loss.”

As a outcome, he agreed with the board’s majority that the stylists needs to be thought of workers who’ve the fitting to unionize.

But Mr. Kaplan wrote that the shortage of entrepreneurial alternatives meant that the stylists ought to have been thought of workers even below the Trump-era customary, and that there was no want to change it.