Shot by means of the jaw and tongue by a sniper’s bullet final yr within the final days of the grinding siege on the Azovstal metal plant in Ukraine, Senior Sgt. Maksym Kushnir couldn’t eat or discuss, and will barely breathe.

But when he hobbled out of a bunker final May with tons of of different wounded Ukrainian troopers in a give up negotiated with Russian forces, there was no medical assist or any signal of the Red Cross employees that they had been promised.

Instead, Sergeant Kushnir, 9 years a soldier and a poet since childhood, stated he was taken on a two-day bus journey into Russian-controlled territory and left on a mattress to die, together with his jaw shattered and gangrene spreading throughout his tongue.

“I thought it was the end,” he stated. “For the first three to four days, they did not do anything. They expected me to die on my own.”

That Sergeant Kushnir survived and returned house to inform the story is likely one of the success tales of the conflict. Even as the 2 sides are locked in full-scale battle, Ukrainian and Russian officers have been exchanging tons of of prisoners of conflict nearly weekly.

Yet the prisoner exchanges have additionally revealed a grim actuality. Ukrainian troopers have come house with tales of appalling struggling in Russian captivity — executions and deaths, beatings and electrical shocks, an absence of well being care and near-starvation rations.

Ukraine permits the International Committee of the Red Cross entry to the Russian prisoners of conflict it’s holding, a sign that it’s assembly its obligations underneath worldwide conventions of conflict. Russia doesn’t. It restricts outdoors monitoring and has confirmed the identities of solely a few of these it’s holding.

Ukrainian officers and former prisoners say Ukrainian captives had been in a visibly worse state than the Russian prisoners at exchanges.

“We were skinny like this,” Sergeant Kushnir stated, holding up his little finger. “Compared to us, they looked well. We were thin and bearded. They were shaved and washed.”

“It’s a classic abusive relationship,” stated Oleksandra Romantsova of the Center for Civil Liberties, a Ukrainian group that was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize final yr, summing up the remedy of Ukrainian prisoners.

It is unclear what number of Ukrainian troopers are prisoners of conflict or lacking in motion. Russia has offered solely partial lists of these it’s holding, and Ukraine doesn’t launch any numbers. But human rights organizations say there are not less than 8,000 to 10,000 prisoners, and Ukrainian officers didn’t dispute these figures.

And extra Ukrainians have been taken within the combating in and across the metropolis of Bakhmut in current months, in keeping with folks working to convey prisoners house. There are believed to be far fewer Russians held by Ukraine.

Some Ukrainian troopers have additionally been positioned on trial in Russia on doubtful expenses, and have obtained prolonged sentences within the Russian penal system, stated Oleksandr Pavlichenko of the Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union.

Five hundred medical personnel and tons of of feminine troopers and wounded are among the many prisoners of conflict, stated Andriy Kryvtsov, the chairman of Military Medics of Ukraine. He stated 61 navy medics remained in captivity and referred to as for his or her launch.

Dr. Yurik Mkrtchyan, 32, an anesthetist, was amongst greater than 2,000 taken prisoner after battles at the Ilyich metal plant in Mariupol in April final yr, lots of them wounded troopers he was caring for.

He stated the Russians offered medical help solely when he begged them and transferred the wounded to a hospital solely once they had been near demise.

Dr. Mkrtchyan, who was launched after a prisoner change in November, stated he remained anxious in regards to the circumstances of the wounded, together with amputees.

“They were just the boys who protected our hospital,” he stated. “Most of them are still in captivity, and I see no excuse or explanation for that because they are already disabled, they cannot fight, there is no reason to keep them in prison.”

Former prisoners and human rights teams say Ukrainian captives, together with the wounded and pregnant feminine troopers, have been subjected to relentless beatings.

Dr. Mkrtchyan described how new arrivals needed to run a gantlet of jail guards who beat them with sticks, a hazing ritual generally known as a “reception.” He recalled operating, head down, by means of the torrent of blows, and seeing a fellow prisoner on the bottom. The soldier, a wounded prisoner with critical burns named Casper, was killed by the beating, he stated.

Maksym Kolesnikov, 45, was amongst greater than 70 Ukrainian troopers and 4 civilians who had been captured within the days simply after the Russian invasion in February 2022, when Russian troops overran his base close to the city of Hostomel, north of Kyiv, Ukraine’s capital.

The males had been taken for interrogation to a filtration camp in a disused manufacturing unit, the place their commander was crushed inside earshot of the entire unit. The Russian community of filtration camps, the place navy and civilian Ukrainians are screened and interrogated, have been extensively criticized for violations of human rights.

After a number of days, Mr. Kolesnikov and his fellow detainees had been moved to a Russian jail within the Bryansk area, close to the Ukraine border.

The “reception” beating lasted 5 hours. “I was kneed in the face,” he stated. The beatings continued every day for a month. The guards used rubber truncheons, plastic piping, picket rulers and knotted items of rope, or simply kicked prisoners, he stated.

Prisoners nicknamed one group of guards “the electricians” as a result of they tormented prisoners with electrical shocks.

The captives had been dangerously malnourished, Mr. Kryvtsov stated.

“It was a good day when you found a potato in your soup,” stated Mr. Kolesnikov, who added that he misplaced about 75 kilos in captivity.

He stated he suffers from a compressed backbone from malnutrition, and hip and knee accidents from the extended beatings.

Oleh Mudrak, 35, the commander of the First Azov Battalion, was unrecognizable and painfully skinny when he returned from 4 months in captivity after being taken prisoner on the Azovstal plant in Mariupol, stated his nephew Danylo Mudrak.

He regained the load and underwent surgical procedure on his shoulder, however 5 months after his launch, he died of a coronary heart assault, Danylo Mudrak stated.

Members of the Azov battalions, lengthy painted as neo-Nazis by Russia as a part of its justification for the conflict, got here in for particularly harsh remedy, in keeping with Maj. Dmytro Andriushchenko, who was a deputy commander of the Second Azov Battalion when he was taken prisoner at Azovstal. “Azov was like a red rag for them,” he stated.

Major Andriushchenko was in a penal colony at Olenivka in July when an explosion ripped by means of a barracks, killing not less than 50 Azov members. Like a number of former inmates of Olenivka who had been interviewed, he accused Russia of orchestrating the explosion.

The jail guards closed the gates to the barracks, stopping survivors from escaping, Major Andriushchenko stated.

Dr. Mkrtchyan, who was in the identical penal colony, stated he and different Ukrainian medics urged the guards to allow them to assist the wounded, however they weren’t allowed out of their constructing.

Russia has blocked calls for an independent investigation into the explosion and blames it on a Ukrainian strike.

For among the wounded from Azovstal, visits by Russian tv crews could have been a lifeline. The publicity created strain on the Russian authorities to take care of the prisoners, who had been already weak from their time underneath siege in Azovstal with little meals and water, Sergeant Kushnir stated.

With his damaged jaw and gangrenous tongue, Sergeant Kushnir couldn’t lie down and sat together with his head in his arms for a number of days with out painkillers or antibiotics.

Eventually, he was moved to a different hospital the place medical doctors amputated his tongue and wired his jaw closed.

He dreamed of consuming. He wrote some verse:

“Have mercy on me, fate. I’m alive.

Don’t punish me mercilessly.”

The bodily ache was not as arduous to bear because the uncertainty of being a captive, he stated.

“When you don’t know what to prepare for, what the next day will bring,” he stated, “especially after seeing what the Russians were doing to our men, and being in constant expectation of death, it is not a cool feeling at all.”

At the top of June, Sergeant Kushnir and different wounded males from Azovstal had been loaded onto buses and pushed to the entrance line to be exchanged.

Back in Ukraine, he has been by means of a number of operations and spent months studying to speak once more by exercising the scar tissue in the back of his throat.

His surgeon, Dr. Vasyl Rybak, 44, the top of the division of rehabilitation and reconstructive surgical procedure at a hospital in Odesa, took bone from his hip to reconstruct his jaw, however when that didn’t work, he inserted a titanium jaw, created at a 3-D printing lab within the metropolis of Dnipro.

Next, Dr. Rybak plans to be taught from pioneers in India easy methods to create a brand new tongue for his affected person from muscle tissue in his chest.

“He’s a hero,” he stated of Sergeant Kushnir, throughout a break after surgical procedure. “They all are.”

Oleksandr Chubko and Dyma Shapoval contributed reporting.