Hvaldimir, a domesticated beluga whale that has been noticed in Scandinavian waters for years, was seen final week off the coast of Sweden, prompting concern amongst researchers who fear he might be in peril, particularly if individuals don’t avoid him.

The extremely sociable whale first gained fame in 2019, when he confirmed up in northern Norway carrying a harness, embossed with “St. Petersburg equipment,” that appeared designed to carry a digicam. As a outcome, he captured the creativeness of headline writers, who labeled him a Russian spy.

But Hvaldimir, whose title is a mix of “hval,” the Norwegian phrase for whale, and Vladimir, is completely different from different whales. He appears to want individuals to different marine mammals, main researchers to suppose that he had been domesticated.

Researchers mentioned it was unattainable to know for positive whether or not Hvaldimir had actually been a spy whale, and no nation has claimed him. Militaries have lengthy used animals, together with throughout the Cold War, when the Soviet Navy skilled dolphins for navy use. The U.S. Navy has trained beluga whales to carry out restoration operations and to search out underwater mines.

The harness that Hvaldimir was carrying, which was later eliminated by a fisherman in Norway, might be used to carry cameras or different instruments. He additionally appeared to be fascinated with divers and accumulating objects, in response to Eve Jourdain, a marine biologist in Norway who began a feeding program to save lots of Hvaldimir in 2019.

“I think there’s evidence that the cameras he was wearing weren’t for nature photography,” mentioned Regina Crosby Haug, the founding father of OneWhale, a crowd-funded group that’s devoted to Hvaldimir’s well-being.

But researchers are cautious of confirming Hvaldimir’s spy standing. “We have no idea,” mentioned Martin Biuw, a marine mammal biologist for Norway’s Institute of Marine Research.

What is evident is that Hvaldimir now appears to be misplaced and swimming within the incorrect path. And observers are unsure about what ought to occur to him.

Since 2019, Hvaldimir has made common appearances in Norwegian waters, however he was seen final week in a small city off the coast of Sweden. Belugas are usually discovered within the Arctic, and his southward travels concern scientists, activists and different consultants who fear that he could run out of meals or face hazard in hotter waters that can develop more and more busy with individuals as summer time begins. Hvaldimir has beforehand been injured by bumping into boats and their propellers, researchers mentioned.

The case additionally conjures the memory of Freya, a 1,300-pound walrus who was killed by the Norwegian authorities final summer time after they decided that she posed a threat to onlookers. Whereas Freya turned well-known for lounging within the sunshine on decks and wrecking boats, Hvaldimir received’t do the identical: Whales keep underwater.

Swedish and Norwegian officers haven’t introduced any plans to intervene in Hvaldimir’s travels or to maneuver him again to the Arctic, in response to researchers. The Norwegian ministry of fisheries didn’t instantly reply to a request for remark.

Ms. Jourdain, the researcher, mentioned she lately traveled to see Hvaldimir to check out him. “He looked great,” she mentioned. “But that doesn’t mean his condition isn’t on the decline.”

The major fear, she mentioned, is that Hvaldimir isn’t getting sufficient to eat. “I have no idea what he is feeding on and if he is feeding enough,” Ms. Jourdain mentioned.

It is unclear why Hvaldimir is shifting south. As a younger male, it’s potential he’s in search of a mate. He may be trying to find extra meals. “You can’t really read their body language,” mentioned Anna Bisther, a marine biologist who has labored with killer whales in Norway.

Ms. Jourdain mentioned: “He’s an Arctic whale, he is not supposed to go south. He is a mystery.”

It’s not the primary time a beluga whale has by chance discovered itself in unknown and harmful territory. In August 2022, a malnourished beluga whale that had been stranded in the Seine river in Paris was euthanized after having bother respiratory whereas being faraway from the river in an effort to return the animal to sea. In September 2018, a beluga whale appeared in the River Thames in London.

That additionally implies that it’s not clear what to do with Hvaldimir. Sending him to dwell with different beluga whales within the Arctic might be harmful, as a result of he isn’t accustomed to being within the wild.

Other belugas would in all probability welcome him, Ms. Haug mentioned, as a result of they’re extraordinarily social animals, however the Arctic additionally has predators, resembling orcas.

“We don’t want to deliver an easy lunch to orcas by sending a tame whale who doesn’t know any better,” Ms. Haug mentioned.

Beluga whales are a protected species, with about 150,000 globally, and they aren’t fascinated with individuals as their meals. But Hvaldimir, who’s estimated to be about 14 toes lengthy and weigh about 3,000 kilos, might be harmful to people due to his measurement.

“Do not invade his space; he can potentially be dangerous if he wants to be,” Ms. Jourdain mentioned. “And we know what kind of ending that will lead to.”